## 07. Gravitation

[spoiler title=”Gravitational Field” open=”yes”] Newton’s Law of Gravitation states that the gravitational force between two point masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their separation, i.e. $$F_G=\dfrac{Gm_1m_2}{r^2}$$ where G is… Continue Reading

## 06. Motion in a Circle

[accordions autoHeight=’true’] [accordion title=”1. Rotational Kinematics”] Angular displacement $$\theta$$ is defined as the angle an object turns with respect to the centre of a circle. $$\theta=\dfrac{s}{r}$$ where s is the arc and r is the radius of the circle. One radian… Continue Reading

## 05. Work, Energy and Power

[accordions autoHeight=’true’] [accordion title=”1. Work Done”] Work done W is defined as the product of the force and the displacement made in the direction of the force. For a constant force F acting in same direction as the displacement s:… Continue Reading

## 14. D.C. Circuits

The Potential Divider Rule Determining the relative brightness of light bulbs using the potential divider rule How Internal Resistance affects brightness of light bulbs

## 16. Electromagnetic Induction

How emf is induced Electromagnetic Induction and its Effects To explain a phenomenon that happens due to Electromagnetic Induction, we can use an acronym CFILE to structure our answer. C stands for cutting of flux or changing of flux linkage.… Continue Reading

## 17. Alternating Currents

The root-mean-square value of an alternating current is equivalent to the steady direct current that would dissipate heat at the same rate as the alternating current in a given resistor. For a sinusoidal source, (a) the root mean square value… Continue Reading

## 18. Quantum Physics

[accordions autoHeight=’true’] [accordion title=”1. Particle Nature of Light”] A photon is a quantum of electromagnetic radiation. The energy of a photon is given by E=hf, where h is Planck’s constant (6.63 $$\times$$ 10-34 J s) and f is its frequency. [/accordion] [accordion title=”1.1 Photoelectric Effect”] The photoelectric effect… Continue Reading

## 20. Nuclear Physics

The Nucleus existence and size demonstrated using the Rutherford $$\alpha$$-scattering experiment. consists of nucleons (protons and neutrons) isotopes of an element share the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. Nuclear Reactions nuclear reactions involve two or more… Continue Reading

## 19. Lasers and Semiconductors

LASER This flow chart shows the requirements expected of students when describing how light is produced using LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation).   BAND THEORY Energy bands are formed in solids where there are multiple atoms, each… Continue Reading

## 15. Electromagnetism

[accordions autoHeight=’true’] [accordion title=”1. Definitions”] The magnetic flux density at a point is defined as the force acting per unit current per unit length of the conductor when the conductor is placed at right angles to the field. One tesla… Continue Reading